Free Essays on Puritanism

Rigidity AND THE FOUNDING OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY Puritans were a gathering of strict individuals who established the state of Massachusetts Bay in 1628, with fantasies about making â€Å"a city upon a hill† for Godly individuals such as themselves. They needed to manage numerous deterrents in building up the settlement, for example, Indians, sickness, and individuals who essentially wouldn't cling to their convictions. Strictness was the reason for the administration and nearby association inside this New England Colony. The Massachusetts Bay society rotated around Biblical principals to work proficiently. Along these lines, the Puritans of this New England province set up life in North America for a particular reason, to make a genuine realm of God on earth. Puritan families and connections had different likenesses and contrasts in regard to cutting edge culture. Kids were accommodated at a youthful age, however then sent away to a universe of apprenticeship and bondage. A lot of their general public spun around Calvinistic lessons and social prudence, yet some of their social thoughts and laws would be considered very obsolete by today’s gauges. Puritans needed to manage numerous rural and social issues in their new settlement. Shaping another settlement was in no way, shape or form a simple change and modification for these individuals. They were in another land with new guidelines, new assets, and new neighbors. The state confronted a virus winter in pitifully manufactured homes with a starvation that drove pioneers to eat mussels and oak seeds to live. By spring, Puritans figured out how to rely upon cultivating as a need for endurance. Regular comprised of planting crops, pulling out weeds and gathering their food. Indeed, even little youngsters were engaged with the cultivating errands and tasks including creature care. To start their new government, with the goal that the new province would flourish as a humanized society, the Puritans chose John Winthrop as their representative. Their new government was religious. The congregation and the law were in fact... Free Essays on Puritanism Free Essays on Puritanism Rigidity AND THE FOUNDING OF MASSACHUSETTS BAY COLONY Puritans were a gathering of strict individuals who established the province of Massachusetts Bay in 1628, with fantasies about making â€Å"a city upon a hill† for Godly individuals such as themselves. They needed to manage numerous obstructions in building up the settlement, for example, Indians, sickness, and individuals who basically wouldn't stick to their convictions. Rigidity was the reason for the administration and neighborhood association inside this New England Colony. The Massachusetts Bay society rotated around Biblical principals to work effectively. Along these lines, the Puritans of this New England settlement set up life in North America for a particular reason, to make a genuine realm of God on earth. Puritan families and connections had different likenesses and contrasts in regard to cutting edge culture. Youngsters were accommodated at a youthful age, however then sent away to a universe of apprenticeship and subjugation. A lot of their general public rotat ed around Calvinistic lessons and social excellence, yet some of their social thoughts and laws would be considered very obsolete by today’s principles. Puritans needed to manage numerous rural and social issues in their new province. Shaping another settlement was in no way, shape or form a simple change and modification for these individuals. They were in another land with new standards, new assets, and new neighbors. The province confronted a virus winter in pitifully assembled homes with a starvation that drove pilgrims to eat mussels and oak seeds to live. By spring, Puritans figured out how to rely upon cultivating as a need for endurance. Regular comprised of planting crops, pulling out weeds and gathering their food. Indeed, even little youngsters were engaged with the cultivating assignments and errands including creature care. To start their new government, with the goal that the new state would flourish as a humanized society, the Puritans chose John Winthrop as their senator. Their new government was religious. The congregation and the law were in fact...

The assignment should be presented as a Journal opinion article and Essay - 1

The task ought to be introduced as a Journal supposition article and address a monetary issue of current enthusiasm to Wall Street - Essay Example An ongoing report indicated that around 155,000 employments were included December so as to deal with the joblessness circumstance in U.S economy. In any case, the pace of joblessness stays unaltered and remained at 7.8%. Quicker employment creation is required that is around at least 300,000 so as to bring the pace of joblessness at wanted level. Approach creators are getting a charge out of sweet rest as yearly swelling remains at acceptable level. In the course of recent months, just an expansion of 1.8% has been found in buyer costs. With regards to Household Debt, it has been seen that charge card obligation has declined to 16.5% and buyers stay careful. It will empower Americans to spend a bit, as economy improves. Regardless of it, particular sorts of obligation are as yet rising, for example, understudy credits. New alumni are not having the option to secure well-paying positions. Costs of Homes keeps on going up as economic situation of land improves. As joblessness goes dow n, there is progressively possibility of further improvement. Most definitely, despite the fact that they fell a year ago, they have again begun to back up. Gas costs depend on cost of oil, which has expanded to twofold after the downturn has finished. As monetary conditions show signs of improvement, there would be an upsurge sought after of oil, which will at last increment the costs of gas. For Equity Markets, the mix of low expansion and moderate development is normally useful for stocks. Forecasters look for satisfactory increases from blue chip organizations. Positively, it will lead speculators to keep on putting resources into stocks. Basic Analysis In this article, the writer has referenced the effect of post-downturn financial conditions on American families. A few zones have been featured so as to give brief understanding of how this region influences American families. In this article the writer expresses that the monetary condition in United States has been improving fo r as long as 3 years yet, it doesn't remain at where it ought to be. I accept that this point isn't legitimate on the grounds that the economy of United States experienced most exceedingly terrible downturn in 2008. As a rule after downturn, the economy gets balance out however for this situation, it was alluded to as Double-Dip Recession. It implies that after the underlying downturn, there was gradually recuperation, which was trailed by another downturn. Experts anticipated that there is danger of United States getting bankrupt. In the event that it occurs, at that point it will suffocate numerous another economies with itself. Subsequently, after all such disarray, regardless of whether the economy is going towards progress then it must not be censured. Notwithstanding of talking about all the basic segments of an economy, the creator demonstrated least linkage of these elements with American families and their effect on them. Brief data was given on the finishing up note that s tandpoint is empowering for individuals having stable lodging, great credit and secure occupations. The creator presumed that recuperation will be debilitating and there will be less assistance for the individuals who are underemployed or jobless. It would not do well to them who have lost their homes. Toward the end, the creator travels to building progressively goal-oriented spending changes. Without such changes, there is a danger that current moderate development will get dug in as monetary stagnation. In this manner, by the examination of this article it tends to be inferred that as referenced by the financial pointers, the monetary cond

What You Should Look For When You Are Learning About Term Paper Writing

What You Should Look For When You Are Learning About Term Paper WritingThe first thing that you should do before you begin to write a term paper is to learn about the different types of papers that you can use for your term paper. This will make it easier for you to write a term paper that you are sure to enjoy writing.There are a lot of writing samples out there that you can use in order to gain an idea about what it takes to write a term paper. While there are certainly many that you can look at and learn from, there are only a few that actually have something in common with the subject matter of your essay. There are many things that you should look for in order to determine if a sample has something in common with the type of writing that you will be doing.The first thing that you should look for when you are learning about term paper writing is whether or not the essay has a title or subject line. If the title or subject line of the paper is something that is common, then you sh ould probably look for something similar when you are writing the essay. The same goes for subjects. If the topics are familiar, then you should try to write about those topics as well.The next thing that you should look for when you are trying to learn about term paper writing is if the paper has five or fewer sentences. It is much better to avoid long essays, and instead choose short ones because they are easier to understand. You should also avoid long paragraphs because they make the essay harder to read. It also makes it harder to make progress through the paper.The next thing that you should check out is if the paper has a good structure and an easy structure, and if it does, then it has the right topic for the essay. The length should also be well-defined so that you can determine how long it will be and how easy it will be to read. It is not difficult to write a short paper; in fact, most writers will find that it can be done in only a few hours.Finally, the paper should be well-organized. If it is not organized, then it may be harder to follow the progression of the paper. The format should also be considered. There are many templates and assay kits that can help you develop a structure that will make your term paper easier to follow.If you start to read some term paper samples that are freely available on the Internet, you will be able to see what is required of you when you are writing a term paper. There are a lot of ways that you can make your term paper easier to write, so you need to find the best method for you. While there are some sites that offer free services, there are also many that offer professional assistance in order to ensure that you get the best results when you are writing a term paper.As you can see, there are a lot of things that you should be looking for when you are trying to learn about term paper writing. This is one area where you need to make sure that you are making good use of your time in order to get the best result fo r your project.

Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of...

Use of Light and Darkness in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness contrasts light and darkness, to represent the civilized and uncivilized sides of the world. Conrad uses light to represent the civilized side of humanity while contrasting the dark with the uncivilized and savage. Throughout the thematic stages of the novel, that is the Thames river London, the companys office in Belgium, the journey to the heart of darkness and the conclusion, light and dark is used to represent these sides of humanity, but on a deeper level many assumptions of darkness and light are challenged, with the appearance of light and dark, and in turn good and evil contrasting with the reality. From the initial†¦show more content†¦From the start of the novel, Conrad foreshadows Marlow journey into the heart of darkness through the use of light and darkness. Marlows journey to the Belgium companys office, where he encounters two women knitting black wool. The two women are commonly interpreted of representing two of the three fates of Ancient Greek mythology who spun, wove and cut thread to represent the birth, lifespan and death of mortals. This darkness used perhaps foreshadows the evil he will encounter, something that merely fate may decide. Marlow describes the place as the city that always makes me think of a whited supulchre, and the city of the dead, thus, white in this instance is used to represent the exploitation of the company and the true evil, which is hiding behind the faà §ade of light and progress. Therefore Conrad uses the civilized white to represent the evil of the dead city and the search for the precious trickle of ivory. The map in the companys office, and the light and darkness associated with it again demonstrates and perhaps foreshadows the good and evil, and the civilized and uncivilized side of humanity. . He describes the map as being marked with all the colors of a rainbow,Show MoreRelated Light and Dark in Heart of Darkness Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness       The brightest of lights can obscure vision while darkness can contain truths: one must not be distracted by the sheen of light, which conceals the deeper reality present in darkness. Joseph Conrads novel Heart of Darkness illustrates this idea with the use of several symbols. White Europeans are used as symbols of self-deception, and objects with an alabaster quality are symbols of barriers to inner truth. Black is the foil of white; it representsRead MoreAnalysis Of Joseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1164 Words   |  5 PagesAs Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness eludes to the inverse interpretation of colors as a motif, Francis Ford Coppola’s Apocalypse Now not only mimics but also portrays through the Vietnam War, the contrasting misguided crusades of enlightenment that the supreme race forces upon savages. The reversed meanings amongst the colors and entangled description in Heart of Darkness shows how backwards civilization is through the need to enlighten or civilize the natives is flamboyantly flaunted in both theRead MoreComparing Shakespeares Othello with Conrads Heart of Darkness738 Words   |  3 PagesComparing Shakespeare’s Othello with Conrad’s Heart of Darkness It is often that when we read great works of literature we come across similar themes. Authors use powerful ideas that they believe will move their readers and relate to them so they become engaged in the words written. William Shakespeare and Joseph Conrad were amazing writers of their times and even though their works were written almost 300 years apart, both, Othello and Heart of Darkness, have coinciding themes. The major themeRead MoreEssay on Feminist Theory in Heart of Darkness1199 Words   |  5 PagesMonsters in Heart of Darkness Joseph Conrad’s varying depiction of women in his novel Heart of Darkness provides feminist literary theory with ample opportunity to explore the overlying societal dictation of women’s gender roles and expectations in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. The majority of feminist theorists claim that Conrad perpetuates patriarchal ideology, yet there are a few that argue the novel is gendered feminine. Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar claim â€Å"Conrad’s Heart of Darkness†¦penetratesRead More Light and Dark in Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness Essay example844 Words   |  4 PagesLight and Dark in Heart of Darkness  Ã‚      Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness is a tragic tale of the white mans journey into the African jungle. When we peel away the layers, however, a different journey is revealed - we venture into the soul of man, complete with the darkness of depravity as well as the wonderful. In this essence Conrad uses this theme of light and darkness to contrast the civilized European world with the savage African world in Heart of Darkness. As aforementioned,Read MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness957 Words   |  4 Pages1977 focuses on the racist views woven into Joseph Conrad’s 1899 novella, Heart of Darkness. Achebe claims that Conrad uses many western stereotypes of Africa and subtly weaves them below the surface of his writing. However, due to the popularity of the novella and the skill of Conrad, his racist views go undetected. The most obvious indicator of Conrad’s racist views is the depictions of the people. They are described as â€Å"savage creatures,† yet Conrad’s novella is noted for its excellence and notRead MoreHeart of Darkness: Cruelty Essay1118 Words   |  5 PagesHeart of Darkness: Cruelty David Yu In Joseph Conrads book Heart of Darkness the Europeans are cut off from civilization, overtaken by greed, exploitation, and material interests from his own kind. Conrad develops themes of personal power, individual responsibility, and social justice. His book has all the trappings of the conventional adventure tale - mystery, exotic setting, escape, suspense, unexpected attack. The book is a record of things seen and done by Conrad while in the BelgianRead More Light and Dark of Colonialism and Imperialism in Heart of Darkness1542 Words   |  7 PagesThe Light and Dark of Colonialism Exposed in Heart of Darkness       In Heart of Darkness, Joseph Conrad, challenges a dominant view by exposing the evil nature and the darkness associated with the colonialist ventures. It is expressed by Marlow as robbery with violence, aggravated murder on a great scale, and men going at it blind - as it is very proper for those who tackle a darkness. The European colonialists are portrayed as blind lightbearers, people having a faà §ade of progress and cultureRead MoreJoseph Conrad s Heart Of Darkness1488 Words   |  6 PagesJoseph Conrad’s s novel Heart of Darkness portrays an image of Africa that is dark and inhuman. Not only does he describe the actual, physical continent of Africa as â€Å"so hopeless and so dark, so impenetrable to human thought, so pitiless to human weakness†, (Conrad 154) as though the continent could neither breed nor support any true human life. Conrad lived through a time when European colonies were scattered all over the world. This phenomenon and the doctrine of co lonialism bought into at hisRead More The Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness1580 Words   |  7 PagesThe Role of Kurtz’s Intended in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness Very often in literature minor characters appear for only a short time in the story but carry a very heavy significance in the overall meaning of the book. Kurtz’s Intended, in Joseph Conrad’s Heart of Darkness, is this kind of character. The unnamed woman only appears for a brief period at the end of the novel, but Conrad includes her for three very crucial reasons. He has Kurtz’s fiancà ©e appear to provide a justification for

John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men - 1023 Words

In 1949, the Gold Rush brought people from all over pursuing the American dream. A theory defines itself as if you is if you have enough perseverance and will power, you can make anything of yourself in the U.S.A. In John Steinbeck s Of Mice and Men, two migrant workers are still struggling to find their speck of gold. George Milton, a smart, quick-tempered man looks after Lennie, a huge man that is mentally underdeveloped who doesn t know just how strong he is. They have a simple dream of having their own land, which they get closer and closer to until it eventually fails, like many dreams in the Gold Rush. Their dream ultimately breaks down because of Lennie s unconscious and restricted strength which prevents him ever succeeding in his only desire of petting soft things and because like many other migrant workers, they did have enough money. Soft is one of the most common and attractive adjectives used to advertise and describe various things such as clothing and animals. Lennie is extremely entranced by the idea and motion of petting both of these things. Unfortunately, His desire is only matched by his enormous, unregulated strength. Consequently, even if Lennie is gently stroking something such as a mouse, it could abruptly die. Lennie looked sadly up at him. They was so little, he said, apologetically. I d pet em, and pretty soon they bit my fingers and I pinched their heads a little and then they was dead--because they was so little. (9-10). Though theShow MoreRelatedJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1248 Words   |  5 PagesIn Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men, He uses imagery many times to create a realistic setting and plot. Steinbeck’s depiction of migrant workers and their daily complications during the depression are objectively precise due to his use of imagery with idioms, dreams, nature, loneliness and animal imagery. The main theme of the book transpires to be loneliness and fate. While George and Lennie, the main characters have a synergetic relationship, fate steps in and does away with their dreams, whichRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men897 Words   |  4 Pagesthat we possess. Many people feel certain emotions based on events that have taken place in their lifetime or how they were raised throughout their childhood. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, he portrays the feelings of isolation and loneliness in three different characters. George’s isolation is illustrated in Steinbeck’s, Of Mice and Men. George expresses many hard feelings towards Lennie at the opening of this story. â€Å"‘...you’re a lot of trouble,’ said George. ‘I could get along so easy and soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1243 Words   |  5 Pagesis what John Steinbeck achieves by portraying this through the characters in his novella Of Mice and Men. The main characters are affected by loneliness in their own different way throughout the novella. rf The loneliness is maintained by the challenges that the characters have to face, and they sustain those challenges of being inhumane towards each other. Crook, a figure in the story who experiences discrimination encounters the challenge of race, due to the book’s setting in the 1930’s duringRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1080 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"I want you to stay with me Lennie. Jesus Christ, somebody’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself.† The novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck shows the relationship between two migrant workers in the 1930s, George and Lennie, along with the other members on the new ranch that they began working on. Georgie and Lennie dreamed of following the American Dream and owning their own patch of land and the novel revolves around the dream and the obstacles that stand in their way. Lennie, a strongRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1286 Words   |  6 PagesThe realistic fiction novella O f Mice And Men by John Steinbeck explains the journey of two migrant farm workers. Lennie and George are forced to overcome the Dust Bowl and The Great Depression around 1938. This makes jobs even harder to come by because everyone wanted one. Lennie and George were kicked out of Weed and they now work at a ranch in Soledad. At the new farm the friendship between Lennie and George becomes harder to maintain. The people on the farm are all different shapes, sizes, andRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men2167 Words   |  9 Pagesjobs. In John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, George Milton and Lennie Small wander through California in search of a new job that would help them make enough money to live their American dream on â€Å"the fatta the lan’†(Steinbeck 14). George and Lennie’s hard work and determination is not enough for them to live their dream. Lennie has a mental disability that slows the two friends down from living their dream; they have to ru n from job to job because of Lennie’s unintentional actions. Steinbeck incorporatesRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1360 Words   |  6 Pagesfeeling, thinking and acting in everyday life. In the story Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, a duo of farmers, George and Lennie, search for work wherever they can. Their dream of having a farm of their own is coming into reach, while George has to wield Lennie away from the temptation of Curley’s wife and the reality of what Lennie can do. John Steinbeck uses characterization to illustrate the nature of human existence. Steinbeck portrays George as a man who tries to help, and helps others soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1448 Words   |  6 Pages In the novella, Of Mice and Men, John Steinbeck discusses the idea of loneliness and how people who work at the ranch have no family and no future in lives. He indicates that all people at the ranch are lonely, but he specifically uses a few characters to highlight their state of being lonely and more miserable than the others. He emphasizes the loneliness of ranch life during the Great Depression, and shows how people are willing to try and find friendship in order to escape from the state ofRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men1205 Words   |  5 Pagesand the time period of John Steinbeck s novella, Of Mice and Men, exemplifies the idea that people from minorities are held back from achieving their version of the ‘American Dream’. This goes to prove not everyone will overcome the overbearing tidal waves of their hardship s, which makes the American Dream nothing more than a dream to them. Crooks, the black stable hand, faces discrimination due to his skin color as this unfortunately was common in the 1930’s. John Steinbeck uses Crooks’ situationRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men968 Words   |  4 PagesSolidifying the theme of John Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men, the protagonist George expresses his significant loneliness despite a strong kinship with his friend Lennie, â€Å"’I ain’t got no people†¦ I seen the guys that go around the ranches alone. That ain’t no good’† (41). Published in 1937, amidst the horrific turmoil of the Great Depression, Steinbeck’s novella struck a sensitive chord with readers. Set in the heart of California’s Central Valley, this story follows two men, George and Lennie, as they

Rate of Photosynthesis Limiting Factors Free Essays

Rate of photosynthesis: limiting factors Limiting factors The main factors affecting rate of photosynthesis are light intensity, carbon dioxide concentration and temperature. In any given situation any one of these may become a limiting factor, in other words the factors that directly affects the rate at which photosynthesis can take place masking the effects of the other factors. Light and rate of photosynthesis At low light intensities, as light intensity increases, the rate of the light-dependent reaction, and therefore photosynthesis generally, increases proportionately (straight line relationship). We will write a custom essay sample on Rate of Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors or any similar topic only for you Order Now The more photons of light that fall on a leaf, the greater the number of chlorophyll molecules that are ionised and the more ATP and NADPH are generated. Light dependent reactions use light energy and so are not affected by changes in temperature. Rate of photosynthesis Intensity of light As light intensity is increased further, however, the rate of photosynthesis is eventually limited by some other factor. So the rate plateaus. At very high light intensity, chlorophyll may be damaged and the rate drops steeply (not shown in the graph). Chlorophyll a is used in both photosystems. The wavelength of light is also important. PSI absorbs energy most efficiently at 700 nm and PSII at 680 nm. Light with a higher proportion of energy concentrated in these wavelengths will produce a higher rate of photosynthesis. Carbon dioxide and rate of photosynthesis An increase in the carbon dioxide concentration increases the rate at which carbon is incorporated into carbohydrate in the light-independent reaction, and so the rate of photosynthesis generally increases until limited by another factor. As it is normally present in the atmosphere at very low concentrations (about 0. 4%), increasing carbon dioxide concentration causes a rapid rise in the rate of photosynthesis, which eventually plateaus when the maximum rate of fixation is reached. Rate of photosynthesis Carbon dioxide concentration 1 Temperature and rate of photosynthesis Although the light dependent reactions of photosynthesis are not affected by changes in temperature, the light independent reactions of photosynt hesis are dependent on temperature. They are reactions catalysed by enzymes. As the enzymes approach their optimum temperatures the overall rate increases. It approximately doubles for every 10 Â °C increase in temperature. Above the optimum temperature the rate begins to decrease, as enzymes are denatured, until it stops. Limiting factors In 1905, when investigating the factors affecting the rate of photosynthesis, Blackmann formulated the Law of limiting factors. This states that the rate of a physiological process will be limited by the factor which is in shortest supply. Any change in the level of a limiting factor will affect the rate of reaction. For example, the amount of light will affect the rate of photosynthesis. If there is no light, there will be no photosynthesis. As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis will increase as long as other factors are in adequate supply. As the rate increases, eventually another factor will come into short supply. The graph below shows the effect of low carbon dioxide concentration. It will eventually be insufficient to support a higher rate of photosynthesis, and increasing light intensity will have no effect, so the rate plateaus. Rate of photosynthesis Temperature Rate of photosynthesis Higher CO2 concentration; higher temperature. Higher CO2 concentration; lower temperature. Lower CO2 concentration; lower temperature. . Intensity of light If a higher concentration of carbon dioxide is supplied, light is again a limiting factor and a higher rate can be reached before the rate again plateaus. If carbon dioxide and light levels are high, but temperature is low, increasing temperature will have the greatest effect on reaching a higher rate of photosynthesis. Finding out How might the factors that affect the rate of photosynthesis be investigated? Design a suitable series of experiments. 2 How to cite Rate of Photosynthesis: Limiting Factors, Papers

President Of USA Essays - Heads Of State, Titles,

President Of USA The position of being the president of the United States is the most powerful office in the world. The president is the leader of a nation of wealth and great military strength. Unlike most governments around the world, our president is the chief of state and a head of government. Also each and every president has played their own important role in shaping our history. A person who would like to run for president must fit the qualifications. First of all he must be a "natural born" citizen of the United States. The person must be at least 35 years of age and must have lived in the United States for fourteen years or more. After this the person is then nominated by a national political party convention. Then the person is elected by the vote of the electoral college which is held in December following the election on the first Tuesday in November every four years. The inauguration is held January 20 after election. The president is elected for a four year term but he may not be elected for more than two terms. The president yearly receives a salary of two hundred thousand dollars. After leaving office he is eligible for a pension of ninety nine thousand five hundred dollars. The daily life of the president is filled with many tasks. Being the chief of state the president performs many public and ceremonial duties. He also must make sure federal laws are enforced. The president also acts as the commander in chief of the nations armed forces and he is in charge of the national defense. The president is in charge of determining United States relations with other countries. The executive branch of the federal government is run by the president. The branch consists of thirteen executive departments, and over one hundred independent agencies. Almost three million civilian employees and two million members of the armed forces are included in the executive branch. Over the years the presidents responsibilities have increased. Court decisions, customs, laws and other developments have expanded the presidents responsibilities and powers. Different powers are used by the president to carry out his administrative duties. There are hundreds of laws that give the president emergency powers. This means that the president has special authority to prevent or end a national emergency. The president can also give executive orders. Executive orders have the force of a law that are issued through directions, proclamations or statements by the president. They require no action by congress. Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation which was on of the most famous executive orders ever. It declared freedom for all slaves in the areas under the confederate control.